Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

Abstract

This paper provides an assessment and clarification of the metaphysical status of the participatory approach to transpersonal and spiritual phenomena (Ferrer, 2002, 2017a). To that end, I first respond to several criticisms of the approach issued by scholars in recent years; for instance, that it hides a perennialist metaphysics (e.g., Abramson, 2015) or that it is metaphysically vague (e.g., Taylor, 2021). After reviewing these critical discussions, I describe the open and minimalist nature of the participatory metaphysics, arguing that such features cultivate a fertile soil for transpersonal scholarship, human flourishing, and interreligious relations. Applying a biomimetic approach, I argue that spiritual pluralism can be better understood—and more positively appreciated—when seen as an expression of life’s diversification. In this spirit, I suggest that rhizomatic, treelike images are helpful to visualize not only religious traditions’ differences and similarities, but also the problems of neo-perennialist and essentialist accounts of spirituality. I conclude with a vindication of the eminently pragmatist, edifying, and transformative nature of the participatory approach.

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