Debating Member-Checks of Exceptional Human Experiences

Authors

James Houran, Integrated Knowledge Systems, Inc., Southlake, TX, USA; Polytechnic Institute of Management and Technology, Porto, Portugal
Everton de Oliveira Maraldi, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Beth M. Houran, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

Abstract

This integrative essay reflects on member-checking and engaged research approaches in the study of exceptional human experiences (EHEs)—subjective accounts that often challenge conventional views of consciousness and physical reality. Member-checking, or inviting research participants to review data or interpretations, can improve credibility by aligning research with their lived experience. While benefits include transparency and insight, risks include confirmatory bias, emotional distress, power asymmetries, and logistical complexity. The evolving nature of EHEs further complicates participant validation. We therefore advocate a six-level "fit-for-purpose" system to balance rigor with ethical care and responsiveness. We also explore digital, asynchronous, and AI-assisted strategies to enhance accessibility and scale while raising new ethical considerations. Finally, we situate member-checking within broader qualitative and mixed-methods frameworks, offering practical strategies to bridge subjective narratives and empirical inquiry. Our suggested approach aims to affirm participant agency, deepens narrative authenticity, and strengthens the interpretive depth of EHE research.

Recommended Citation

Houran, James; Maraldi, Everton de Oliveira; and Houran, Beth M., "Debating Member-Checks of Exceptional Human Experiences" (2025). International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Advance Publication Archive. 115.
https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/advance-archive/115